A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients Attending Medicine OPD in Ggsmch Hospital Faridkot, Punjab

 

Sony Nishu, Nishu Sony

Lecturer, Dashmesh College of Nursing, Faridkot, Punjab.

 

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of chronic disorders of metabolism characterized by elevated blood glucose level and disturbances in metabolism of carbohydrate, fats and protein. Diabetes affects approximately 16 million people in the United States, and this number is expected to rise in the future. The majority of patients, approximately 1.4 million have type 1 diabetes and the remaining 14.5 million have 2 types diabetes. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding Diabetes Mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients, and compare the knowledge and attitude regarding Diabetes Mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients. Method And Materials: A Comparative Descriptive research design was used Sample size of 100 diabetic and non diabetic patients (50 in diabetic mellitus and 50 in non diabetic mellitus) were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted in GGSMCH hospital Faridkot, Punjab. Results: Data was collected through the self structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale. Discussion was based on statistical analysis in diabetic majority of diabetic study subjects 43(86%) had average knowledge followed by 4(8%) had poor knowledge and only 3(6%) had good knowledge. In non diabetic patients majority 25(50%) had average knowledge followed by 18(36%) had poor knowledge and only 7(14%) had good knowledge. 42(84%) had fair attitude whereas in diabetic study subjects and in non diabetic study subjects figure presents the 40(80%) poor attitude. The coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients is 0.22 and coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among non diabetic patients is 0.25. There was statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge of diabetic patients with age, gender and marital status. There was no statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge and Socio-demographic variables of the patient in non diabetic patients. Conclusion: There was statistically significant association between attitude and educational status among non diabetic patients. Recommendations: The study can be further recommended on large sample and using experimental research approach.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable illnesses worldwide¹. The world prevalence of DM among adults is increasing and is estimated research 7.7% by 2030.²Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased increased hunger.³ If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death.⁴

 

Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.⁵ There are commonly two types of diabetes mellitus that are more prevalent. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.⁵ There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:³

 

Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells. This form was previously referred to as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes" The cause is unknown.³

 

Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly.² As the disease progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop.⁶ This form was previously referred to as "non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes". The most common cause is a combination of excessive body weight and insufficient exercise.³

 

Treatment-related low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is common in people with type 1 and also type 2 DM depending on the medication being used. Most cases are mild and are not considered medical emergencies. Mild to moderate cases are self-treated by eating or drinking something high in sugar. Severe cases can lead to unconsciousness and must be treated with intravenous glucose or injections with glucagon.⁷

 

According to WHO it is said that India is the diabetic capital of the world. Total 3.5 Crore diabetes are present in India which is expected to raise up to 5.2 crore by 2025.⁵

 

According to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), a lower proportion of the population is affected in states of Northern India (Chandigarh 0.2 million, Jharkhand (0.96 million) as compared to Maharashtra (9.2 million) and Tamil Nadu (4.8 million).²

 

Diabetes is the cardinal cause of death globally. From a total of 3.7 million deaths linked to blood glucose level in 2012, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths worldwide and additional 2.2 million deaths were caused by increasing risk of cardiovascular and other diseases due to hyperglycemia. It expected for diabetes to become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030.²

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1.     To assess the knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients attending medicine OPD in GGSMCH hospital, Faridkot Punjab

2.     To assess the attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients attending medicine OPD in GGSMCH hospital, Faridkot Punjab

3.     To compare the knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients attending medicine OPD in GGSMCH hospital, Faridkot Punjab

4.     To find out association of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic with selected demographic variables

5.     To find out association of attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic with selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research Approach and design:

Quantitative research approach/Comparitive descriptive research design.

 

Research setting: The study was conducted in Medicine OPD at GGSMCH Hospital, Faridkot.

 

Sample and Sampling Technique:

Non probability convenient sampling technique and sample comprised of 100 patients- 50 diabetic patients and 50 non diabetic patients.

 

Selection and Development of research tool:

To accomplish the objective of the study the research tool was divided in the following three parts:

 

Section A: Sample characteristics (Socio-demographic tools)

It comprised of 10 items seeking information on backgrounds data such as age, gender, locality of residence, marital status, educational qualification, occupational status, exercise, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes mellitus, previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus.

 

Section B: Structured knowledge questionnaire:

It composed of 31 knowledge items on diabetes mellitus. Every correct answer was be given score 1 and incorrect / unattempt was given score zero. The maximum score was 31 and minimum was zero.

 

Section C: Attitude scale:

It consisted of attitude scale on diabetes mellitus which composed of 16 items. Both positive and negative items were included equally. The maximum score was 80 and minimum score was 16.

Ethical Consideration:

Ethical clearance was obtained from ethical Committee of Dashmesh College Of Nursing, Faridkot and Formal written permission was obtained from the competent authority before the data collection. The informed written consent from each subject was be secured.

 

RESULTS:

The Socio-demographic variables of 50 study subjects of diabetic group showed 25(50%) respondents were in the age group of 50 above and followed by 13(26%) were in the age group of 13-40 years and 11(22%) respondents were in the age of 41-50 years and only 1(2%) respondents was in the age of 20-30 years. Majority of the respondents 27(54%) were male and remaining respondents 23(46) were female. As per marital status all the respondents were married. In regards to educational status maximum respondents 24(26%) were having primary level of education and 13(26%) respondents were having higher level of education and graduation respectively. None of the respondents was illiterate. As per occupational status majority of the respondents 20(40%) were unemployed followed by 19(38%) had own business, 6(12%) respondents were working in the private job, only 5(10%) respondents were working in the government job. According to exercise status majority of the respondents <25(46%) performing activity of daily living and 10(20%) respondents were doing the yoga and 10(20%) was not doing any activity and only 7(14%) respondents were performing walking. Majority of the respondents 42(84%) were not consuming alcohol and only 8(16%) were consuming alcohol. Out of 8 consumer majority 7(87.5%) take 30ml per day and 1(12.5%) respondents was taking 60ml per day. None were drinking 30ml or 250ml alcohol twice a day. Majority of the respondents 29(58%) family members had knowledge about diabetes mellitus and 29(58%) family members had no knowledge about diabetes mellitus. As per previous exposure majority 24(48%) respondents got knowledge from the family members, followed 15(30%) respondents got knowledge from health practioner and 10(20%) respondents had knowledge from social media, only 1(2%) respondents got knowledge from mass media.

 

The socio demographic variables of 50 study subjects in non diabetic group showed that out of 50 study subjects 17(34%) respondents were in the age group of 41-50 and followed by 13(26%) were in the age group of 30-40 years and 12(24%) respondents were in the age group of 50 above years and only 8(16%) respondents were in the age group of 20-30 years. Majority of the respondents 29(58) were female and remaining respondents 21(42%) were male. As per locality of residence respondents 35(70%) residing in the urban 15(30%) residing in urban area. According to marital status majority 44(88%) respondents were married and 5(10%) respondents were divorced only 1(2%) respondents was widow. In regards to educational status majority 20(40%) respondents were primary level of education and 16(32%) respondents were having higher level of education followed 12(24%) respondents level of higher education only 2(4%) respondents were illiterate. As per occupational status majority of the respondents 17(34%) were unemployed followed by 14(28%) had own business, 10(20%) respondents were working in the private job, only 9(18%) respondents were working in the government job. According to exercise status majority of the respondents 28(56%) were doing the activity of daily living and 13(26%) respondents were not doing exercise and 9(18%) respondents were doing yoga. Majority of the 7(14%) respondents were consuming alcohol and only 3(6%) respondents were not consuming alcohol. Out of 3 alcohol consumers majority 1(14.2%) take 30ml per day and 1(14.2%) respondents was taking 250ml per day. Majority of 32(64%) respondents were family history of non diabetes mellitus and 18(36%) respondents were family history of non diabetes mellitus. As per previous exposure majority 24(48%) respondents got the knowledge from the family members, followed 10(20%) respondents got knowledge from health practioner and 11(22%) respondents got knowledge from social media, only 6(12) respondents gained knowledge from mass media.

 

Table 1: Level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients N=100

S. No	Level of knowledge	Level of score	Diabetic		Non diabetic
			N	%	N	%
1	Good	21-30	3	6	7	14
2	Average	11-20	43	86	25	50
3	Poor	0-10	4	8	18	36

 

Table 1 shows majority of diabetic study subjects 43(86%) had average knowledge followed by 4(8%) had poor knowledge and only 3(6%) had good knowledge.

 

In non diabetic patients majority 25(50%) had average knowledge followed by 18(36%) had poor knowledge and only 7(14%) had good knowledge.

 

Table 2: Mean and standard deviation of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabeticpatients N=100

S. No	Knowledge	Mean	Standard deviation
1	Diabetic	15.2	3.38
2	Non diabetic	13.88	4.91

 

Table 2 shows that mean and standard deviation of knowledge score regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients. The mean knowledge score of diabetic patient is 15.2 and standard deviation of diabetic patient is 3.38. The mean knowledge score of non diabetic patient is 13.88 and standard deviation is 4.91. Hence it is concluded that diabetic patient had more mean knowledge than non diabetic patients and there was less variability of scores in diabetic study subjects.

Table 3 Mean, mean difference, standard deviation of difference, standard error of mean difference, t value from knowledge score obtained by diabetic and non diabetic patients. N=100

Knowledge test	Mean	Mean difference	SEMD	t value
Diabetic	15.02	1.32	0.843	1.57*
Non diabetic	13.88

t (98) ≥ 1.98 at p= 0.05 level

 

Table 3 shows that the t value is non significant at 0.05. The computed t value, t (98)=1.57 at p.0.05 indicates a non significant difference between the diabetic and non diabetic knowledge score. Thus, it is established that the difference between obtained in the mean diabetic knowledge score and non diabetic knowledge score was not a true difference and it was by chance.

 

Table 4: Level of attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients N=100

S. No	Level of attitude	Level of score	Diabetic		Non diabetic
			N	%	N	%
1	Poor	16-32	0	0	40	80
2	Average	33-49	8	16	10	20
3	Fair	50-66	42	84	0	0
4.	Good	Above 66	0	0	0	0

 

In diabetic study subjects Table 7 and figure 15 shows the 42(84%) had fair attitude, followed by 8(16%) had average attitude, and no one had poor and good attitude.

In non diabetic study subjects figure presents the 40(80%) poor attitude, followed by 10(20%) had average attitude, and none had poor and good attitude.

 

Table 5: Mean and standard deviation of attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients N=100

Attitude	Mean	SD
Diabetic	54.54	5.79
Non–Diabetic	53.74	4.55

 

Table 5 shows that mean and standard deviation of attitude score regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non diabetic patients. The mean attitude score of diabetic patient is 54.54 and standard deviation of diabetic patient is 5.79. The mean attitude score of non diabetic patient is 53.74 and standard deviation is 4.55. Hence it is concluded that diabetic patient has more mean attitudes than diabetic patients and there was less variability of scores in non diabetic study subjects.

 

Table 6: Mean, mean difference, standard deviation of difference, standard error of mean difference t value from attitude score obtained by diabetic and non diabetic patients. N=100

Knowledge test	Mean	Mean difference	SEMD	t value
Diabetic	54.54	0.8	1.039	0.76
Non diabetic	53.74

t (98)>1.98 at p. 0.05 level.

Table 6 shows that the t value is non significant at 0.05 level. The computed t value, t- (98)=0.76 p.0.05 indicates a non significant difference between the diabetic and non diabetic attitude score. Thus, it is established that the difference between obtained in the mean diabetic attitude score and non diabetic attitude score was not true difference and it was by chance

 

Table 7: Correlation of knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patient N=50

S. No	Variables	Mean	Standard deviation	r
1.	Knowledge	15.22	3.38	0.22
2.	Attitude	54.54	5.79

r =(48)≥ 0.22

 

Table 7 shows that coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients is 0.22. It shows that there was moderately positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. The computed r value (0.22) indicates statistically significant relationship at .05 level between knowledge and attitude among diabetic patients.

 

Table 8: Correlation between the knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among non diabetic patient N=50

S. No	Variables	Mean	Standard deviation	r
1.	Knowledge	13.88	4.91	0.25
2.	Attitude	53.74	4.55

r (48)≥0.22

 

Table 8 shows that coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among non diabetic patients is 0.25. It shows that there was moderately positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. The computed r value (0.25) indicates statistically significant relationship at .05 level between knowledge and attitude among non diabetic patients.

 

Table 9 Association of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients with their selected socio- demographic variables. N = 50

S. No.	Demographic Variables	n	Level of knowledge of diabetic patients			df	Chi square value	TV
			Good	Average	Poor
1	Age
	20-30	8	0	1	6
	30-40	13	0	3	4	6	35.33*	12.59
	41-50	17	0	11	0
	Above 50	12	2	23	0
2	Gender Male Female	21 29	3 0	24 19	0 4	2	7.30*	5.99
3	Residence Urban Rural	35 15	2 1	22 21	1 3	2	1.35	5.99
4	Marital status
	Married	44	1	2	1
	Unmarried Divorced	0 5	1 1	40 1	1 2	6	20.40*	12.59
	Widow/widower	1	0	0	0
5	Education
	Illiterate	2	0	0	0
	primary	20	1	21	2	6	5.47	12.59
	Higher	12	0	13	0
	Graduation	16	2	9	2
6	Occupation
	Private employee	10	0	5	0
	Business/agriculture	14	3	16	0	6	10.71	12.59
	Government	9	0	5	0
	Unemployed	17	0	17	4
7	Exercise
	Nil	13	2	7	1
	Activity of daily living	28	0 1	23 7	0 2	6	10.48	12.59
	Yoga	9
	Walking	0	0	6	1
8	Alcohol Yes No	7 3	0 3	8 35	0 4	2	1.55	5.99
	If yes:
	30ml		0	7	0
	60ml		0	1	0	6	0.16	12.59
	30ml twice a day		0	0	0
	250ml twice a day		0	0	0
9	Family history of diabetes mellitus Yes No	18 32	2 1	17 26	2 2	2	0.96	5.99
10	Previous exposure to health information
	Mass media	6	0	1	0	6	2.63	12.59
	Health practitioner	10	1	12	2
	Family member	23	2	20	2
	Social media	11	0	10	0

*significant at 0.05 level

 

Table 10: Association of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among non diabetic patients with their selected socio-demographic variables. N =50

S. No.	Demographic Variables	n	Level of knowledge of non diabetic patients			df	Chi square value	TV
			Good	Average	Poor
1	AGE 20-30 30-40 41-50 Above 51	8 13 17 12	0 1 4 2	5 11 5 4	3 1 8 6	6	12.25	12.59
2	Gender Male Female	21 29	3 4	13 12	5 13	2	2.53	5.99
3	Residence Urban Rural	35 15	5 3	19 6	12 5	2	0.57	5.99
4	Marital status Married Unmarried Divorced Widow/widower	44 0 5 1	7 0 0 0	24 0 0 1	13 0 5 0	6	4.61	12.59
5	Education Illiterate Primary Higher Graduation	2 20 12 16	0 5 1 1	0 7 6 12	2 8 5 3	6	10.66	12.59
6	Occupation Private employee Business/agriculture Government Unemployed	10 14 9 17	1 3 3 0	8 6 3 8	1 5 3 9	6	11.17	12.59
7	Exercise Nil Activity of daily living Yoga Walking	13 28 9 0	2 4 1 0	7 13 5 0	4 11 3 0	6	0.43	12.59
8	Alcohol Yes No	7 3	2 5	11 14	5 13	2	2.08	5.99
	If yes: 30ml 60ml 30ml twice a day 250ml twice a day		0 1 1 0	0 2 0 0	1 1 0 1	6	6.12	12.59
9	Family history of diabetes mellitus Yes No	18 32	2 5	11 14	5 13	2	1.39	5.99
10	Previous exposure Mass media Health practitioner Family member Social media	6 10 23 11	1 0 4 2	2 4 13 6	3 6 6 3	6	5.31	12.59

 

Table 10 shows that there was no statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge and Socio-demographic variables of the patient in non diabetic patients.

 

Table 11: Association of attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients with their selected socio- demographic variables.

N = 50

S. No.	Demographic Variables	n	Level of attitude of diabetic patients				df	Chi square value	TV
			Poor	Average	Fair	Good
1	Age 20-30 30-40 41-50 Above 50	8 13 17 12	0 0 0 0	0 2 1 5	1 11 10 20	0 0 0 0	9	0.88	16.92
2	Gender Male Female	21 29	0 0	3 5	24 18	0 0	3	1.04	7.82
3	Residence Urban Rural	35 15	0 0	3 5	22 20	0 0	3	0.59	7.82
4	Marital status Married Unmarried Divorced Widow/widower	44 0 5 1	0 0 0 0	8 0 0 0	42 0 0 0	0 0 0 0	9	13.02	16.92
5	Education Illiterate primary Higher Graduation	2 20 12 16	0 0 0 0	0 2 2 4	0 22 11 9	0 0 0 0	9	3.16	16.92
6	Occupation Private employee Business/agriculture Government Unemployed	10 14 9 17	0 0 0 0	0 4 1 3	5 15 4 18	0 0 0 0	9	1.41	16.92
7	Exercise Nil Activity of daily living Yoga Walking	13 28 9 0	0 0 0 0	2 3 3 0	8 20 7 7	0 0 0 0	9	3.06	16.92
8	Alcohol Yes No	7 3	0 0	3 5	5 37	0 0	3	3.27	7.82
	If yes: 30ml 60ml 30ml twice a day 250ml twice a day
9	Family history of diabetes mellitus Yes No	18 32	0 0	3 5	18 24	0 0	3	0.07	7.82
10	Previous exposure to health information Mass media Health practitioner Family member Social media	6 10 23 11	0 0 0 0	0 6 2 0	1 9 22 10	0 0 0 0	9	9.57	16.92

*significant at 0.05 level

 

Table 11 shows that there was no statistically significant (p=0.05) association between attitude and socio-demographic variable of the patient in diabetic patients

 

Table 12: Association of attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among non-diabetic patients with their selected socio-demographic variables.N = 50

S. No.	Demographic Variables	n	Level of attitude of non-diabetic patients				df	Chi square value	TV
			Poor	Average	Fair	Good
1	Age 20-30 30-40 41-50 Above 50	8 13 17 12	0 0 0 0	0 3 7 0	8 10 10 12	0 0 0 0	9	9.84	16.92
2	Gender Male Female	21 29	0 0	3 7	18 22	0 0	3	0.73	7.82
3	Residence Urban Rural	35 15	0 0	8 2	27 13	0 0	3	0.59	7.82
4	Marital status Married Unmarried Divorced Widow/widower	44 0 5 1	0 0 0 0	10 0 0 0	34 0 5 1	0 0 0 0	9	9.32	16.92
5	Education Illiterate Primary Higher Graduation	2 20 12 16	0 0 0 0	2 5 2 1	0 15 10 15	0 0 0 0	3	10.28*	7.82
6	Occupation Private employee Business/agriculture Government Unemployed	10 14 9 17	0 0 0 0	2 2 2 4	8 12 7 13	0 0 0 0	3	0.44	7.82
7	Exercise Nil Activity of daily living Yoga Walking	13 28 9 0	0 0 0 0	5 4 1 0	8 24 8 0	0 0 0 0	3	3.78	7.82
8	Alcohol Yes No	7 3	0 0	2 8	5 35	0 0	3	0.37	7.82
	If yes: 30ml 60ml 30ml twice a day 250ml twice a day
9	Family history of diabetes mellitus Yes No	18 32	0 0	2 8	16 24	0 0		1.38	7.82
10	Previous exposure to health information Mass media Health practitioner Family member Social media	6 10 23 11	0 0 0 0	1 1 5 3	5 9 18 8	00 0 0 0	9	1.07	16.92

Table 9 shows that there was statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge of diabetic patients with age, gender and marital status. Whereas Socio- demographic variable such as locality of residence, education, occupational status, exercise, alcohol taking, family history and previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus were not statistically significant. Hence it is concluded that there was statistical significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge and age, gender, marital status.

 

Table 12 shows that there was statistically significant (p=0.05) associated between attitude of non-diabetic patients with education. Whereas socio-demographic variable such as locality of residence, occupational status, age, gender, marital status, exercise, alcohol intake, family history and previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus will not statistically significant.

 

DISCUSSION:

In diabetic study subjects and figure presents the 43(86%) had average knowledge followed by 4(8%) had poor knowledge, only (6%) have good knowledge. In non diabetic study subjects figure presents the 25(50%) average knowledge, followed by 18(36%) had poor knowledge, only 7(14%) haves good knowledge. These results are supported by the finding of the similar study conducted earlier by Mervat Alsous, Mariam Abdel Jalil, Mohanad Odeh, Rasha Al Kurdi, Murhaf Alnan (2019)⁸

 

In diabetic study subjects Table 4 and figure presents the 42(84%) had fair attitude, followed by 8(16%) had average attitude, and no one had poor and good attitude. In non diabetic study subjects figure presents the 40(80%) poor attitude, followed by 10(20%) had average attitude, and none has poor and good attitude. Ali Abd- Al- Latif G. Mohammed, Ali Neamah Hasan Al-Aaragi, Mohammed, Abdulridha Merzah (2018).⁹

 

In diabetic study shows that coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients is 0.22. It shows that there was moderately positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. The computed r value (0.22) indicates statistically significant relationship at .05 level between knowledge and attitude among diabetic patients. Sumit Pal Singh Chawla, Ravinder Garg (2019).¹⁰

 

That there was statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge of diabetic patients with age, gender and marital status. Where Socio-demographic variable such as locality of residence, education, occupational status, exercise, alcohol taking, family history and previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus were not statistically significant. Hence it is concluded that there was statistical significant (p0.05) association between knowledge and age, gender, marital status. Kaniz Fatema, Sharmin Hossain, Khurshid Natasha, Hasina Akhter Chowdhury, Jesmin Akter, Tahmina Khanand Liaquat Ali (2017).¹¹

 

CONCLUSIONS:

The study was concluded as follow:

·       Majority of study subjects 25 (50%)were in the age group of 50 years above in diabetic patients and majority of the study subjects 17 (34%) were in the age group of 41-50 years in non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of the study subjects 27(54%) were males in diabetic patients and same majority of the study subjects i.e. 29 (58 %) were females in non diabetic patients.

·       Maximum of the study subjects 24(26%) were having primary level of education in diabetic patients and majority of the study subjects 20(40%) were primary level of education in non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of the study subjects 20(40%) were unemployed in diabetic patients and same majority of the study subjects 17(34%) were unemployed in non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of study subjects 23(46%) were doing the daily living of activity in diabetic patients and same majority of the study subjects 28(56%) were doing the daily living activity in non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of the study subjects 42(84%) were not consuming alcohol in diabetic patients. and Majority of the study subjects 7(14%) respondents were consuming alcohol in non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of the study subject 29(58%) family members had knowledge about diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients and Majority of study subject 32(64%) respondents were family history of non diabetic patients.

·       Majority of the study subjects 24(48%) respondents got knowledge from the family members in diabetic patients and same majority of the study subjects 24(48%) respondents got the knowledge from the family members in non diabetic patients.

 

Description of Knowledge Scores:

·       In diabetic study subjects presents the 43 (86%) had average knowledge and In non diabetic study subjects 25 (50%) had average knowledge.

·       Diabetic patient knowledge score (15.2) was higher than the mean non diabetic patients knowledge score (12.44).It indicates that diabetic patients had more knowledge than the non diabetic patients.

·       The computed t (98) = 1.56 at 0.05 indicate non significant relationship between knowledge scores of diabetic patients and non diabetic patients.

 

Description of Attitude Score:

Majority 42(84%) had fair attitude and in non diabetic study subjects majority 40(80%) had poor attitude. It indicates that diabetic patients having fair attitude than the non diabetic patients shows that the t value is non significant at 0.05 level. The computed t value, t-(98)=0.76 p 0.05 indicates a non significant difference between the diabetic and non diabetic attitude score. Thus, it is established that the difference between obtained in the mean diabetic attitude score and non diabetic attitude score was not true difference and it was by chance.

 

Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude:

Coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients is 0.22 and statistically significant relationship at .05 level and coefficient of correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus among non diabetic patients is 0.25 and statistically significant relationship at .05 level.

 

Association of Knowledge with Socio-demographic Variables among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients:

There was statistically significant (p=0.05) association between knowledge of diabetic patients with age, gender and marital status. Where Socio-demographic variable such as locality of residence, education, occupational status, exercise, alcohol taking, family history and previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus were not statistically significant. Hence it is concluded that there was statistical significant (p0.05) association between knowledge and age, gender, marital status. There was non statistically significant (p=0.05) association between the Socio- demographic variables of the patient in non diabetic patients.

 

Association of Attitude with Socio-demographic variables among diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients:

There was statistically significant (p=0.05) association between attitude of non diabetic patients with education. Whereas socio- demographic variables such as age, gender, locality of residence, occupational status, marital status, exercise, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes mellitus, previous exposure to health information regarding diabetes mellitus were not statistically significant.

 

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10.   Chawla Sp, Kaur S, Bharti A, Garg R, Kaur M, Soin D, Ghosh A, Pal R. Impact Of Health Education On Knowledge, Attitude, Practices And Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Family Med Prim care 2019;8:261-8: 2019 Vol. 8, issue 1, pp.261-268 http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249

11.   Kaniz Fatema, Sharmin Hossain, Khurshid Natasha, Hasina Akhter Chowdhury, Jesmin Akter, Tahmina Khan, and Liaquat Ali (2017). A Cross- Sectional Study Was Conducted On Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among Nondiabetics.

 

 

Received on 27.10.2022         Modified on 11.11.2022

Accepted on 21.11.2022       ©A&V Publications All right reserved